Jacob b



NPETERS, PHOTO LTHOGRAPH d{inittsza gieten atnt @ffice JACOB B.SIEGFRIED, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 82,163, dated September 15, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HOWEL AND GROZE.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY GONCERN:

Be it known that I, JACOB B. SIEGFRIED, of the city of Pittsburg, in thecounty of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Hor/el and Croze; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof', referencebeing had to the accompanying drawing, makinga part of thisspec'iication, in which- Figure l is a. perspective view of my improvedhowel and Croze, withs. part of the case broken awa-y in order to showthe cutters.

, Figure 2 is a section formed by a. plane passing longitudinallyrthrough the howel and croze, in the plane of the cutters of the croze.

Figure 3 is a separate view, in perspective, of the crozing-cutters orchisels, and ofthe frame in which they are set.

Figure 4 gives, in plan view, the end oi' the case, showing the shape ofthe opposite working-faces.

Figure 5 shows, in section, thc end of a barrel-stave as finished by myimproved tool; and

Figuren@ isa face view of the cutting-cud of the howelling-bit.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in cach.

Tools for howelling and crozing barrels have heretofore usually beenmade separate; that is to say, one tool being ahowel and the crozeanother. 'lhe bowel is usually curved longitudinally to the same radiusas that of thc end of the barrel, and in cross-section hasn face ofuniform curve. By this tool, the inner face of the barrel, in the lineof the crozing to be done, is smoothed off, and a broad shallow grooveis cut. By the use of a crozc, a deep narrow groove is then cut in thebottom of this shallow groove, in which to place the circular edge ofthe barrel-head.V

The nature of my invention consists- First, in making a combined howeland croze, whereby, by the use of one tool, the work of both vmay bedone with equal case and greater rapidity.

Second, in making the face ofthe combined tool of surfaces so curvedthat if cut trausverselyby a. plane, the lines of intersection ofthe-plane with the working-face of the -tool will consist of two or morecurves of different radii, or of a common radius from different centres,such curves being united in the line'ot' the cut ofthe crozing-chisels,by a line straight or nearly so, and equal in length to the breadthofthe cut ofthe crozingchisels. I

Third, in making a howelling-bit with an edge to correspond tothe curvesof the working-face ofthe howel, as above described.

Fourth, in adjusting the cutters of the croze in a box or frame hingedin the case of the howelling-tool, in such way that the howcl may bcused with or without the croze; and

Fifth, in the construction and combination of the peculiar devicesemployed.

To enable others'skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe its construction and manner of use.

A is thc case, the lower faces of which, a a' a, make up theworking-face of thc bowel. Longitudinally, the curvature of theWorking-Face is the same as that of the inside of the barrel to be made;but instead of making such working-face of uniform curvature incross-section, as has heretofore been generally done, I make it of' twoor more curves, a a', either of different radii, as in fig. 4, or withthe same radius from different ceutres, such centres being so chosenthat radii leadingvffrom such centres to the opposite curves shallintersect each other. The former inode of construction I prefer.' Theobject rto be accomplished will presently be explained. These curvedsurfaces a a are united by a surface, a, curving longitudinally with thetool, but. straight, or nearly so, in cross-section or end view, asshown in tig. 4. The breadth of the face a" is equal to the breadthr ofthe cut of the erozing-chisels s s t.

Attached to the case A, on its upper side, is a guide-board, B, which,when the tool is in use, slides on the ends of the barral-staves, andwhich also serves as one of the handles for operating the tool. To thelower side of the case-A is attached a handle, for a like use. y

In the rear part of the tool is the howelling-bit, c, its edgeprojecting through the working-face, just `back ofthe middle of thetool. It is similar in construction to a plane-bit, except'that it has acurved4 edge, or an edge made up of two or more curves. It is alsoslotted, as at c', so that by a fixed post, d, andfnut cZ, it can beadjusted to greater or less depth of eut.

In the forward part of the case A isl hung, by'a ball-and-s'ocket orhinge joint, e e', a box or frame,f, through a mortise, in which areinserted' the cutters s s t. These cutters, when' in use, projectthrough the Working-face, at or alittle forward ol' the middle pointthereof, a little forward of the centre of the edge of thebit c, andinthe line of the joining of the curves a a or in the face a, such facebeing mortised for that purpose. These cutters are held inv place by aset-screw, u,'working against a plate, t'. By-loosening this screwvu,the cutters s s t may be adjusted higher or lower, or be taken out to besharpened or changed. The forward cutter, s, is bevelledand'sharpenedlike a saw-tooth, to cut one side ofthe groove nin the barrel-stave m.The next cutter, s', is bevelled and sharpened, to cut the other side,and the last cutter, t, has a square or oblique-pointed bit, whichcleans out the bottom of the groove n. A spring, z', acts against thelower part of the framef, and keeps the cutters s s t inside the case Awhen it is not desired to use them.

i Extending from one side to the other of the case A is a hollowcross-bar, g. Througlrit extends a rod, o, and to it is' attached a hookor catch, o', the latter being so actuated by a spiral spring that whenthe frame fis pressed down by pressure applied on the head g', theslotted lip f will pass d own over the catch 0, be caught and held byit.The cutters s' s t will then project slightly below the 'workingface a,as in fig. Q, and the tool be ready for use. Y

By the use of a bowel and croze thus made, thc ends of the staves of abarrel can be easily and rapidly shaped, as shown in iig. 5, to receivethe head. The bit c, it'will be observed, has two cutting-edges, .fa z',each one a curve, the curvature of the one, m, being` such as isrequired for use with the curvedl face a, and that of the other, z',corresponding in like manner to the curvature of the other face, a. Ifdesired, the point will be made square, to correspond to the shape ofthe face a. The lower face, a', it will also bc observed, and also thelower edge, 1v', are curves of the longer radii, so that the lower part,u', of the howelling, iig. 5, below the groove u, is not so long as theupper part; hence less cutting has to be done,` and at the same time afull shoulder is left in the chime of the stave above the groove n, tosupport the head-of the barrel. I'Ience, with the least possible outlayof labor, I do all .the howelling and crozingrcquired, and do it rapidlyand well, and with a single tool. The cutters s s t of course cut thegroove 1t, as already stated.

If the inner face of the staves of the barrelbe rough or uneven, it issometimes advisable to usc the howellingchisel c first, and thecrozing-cutters afterward. In such casefby pressing on the head o,attached to thc rod o, I throw the hook o back, so that the lip f isreleased. rlhc spring 1,' then raises the framef, and the bits of thecutters s's t are raisedpup inside the case A. l"'Ihen, by thehowelling-bit c, the staven arev smoothed off in the line of the grooven. The cutters'e-s t are then again brought into use, as alreadydescribed, and with the results stated.

As already mentioned, the working-faces a au', instead of beingcurved todiifcrent'radii, may have thc'same curvature, but in such case theyshould be so adjusted in the tool that'ithe radii of the one shouldcross those of the other; but if so preferred, the curves may beirregular, their deflection from a circular form being toward eachother, so as to lessen the amount of cutting to be done back from thegroove u. The curves of the cuttingedges :v x of the bit c should in anysuch case be made. to correspond.

The particular advantages I claim are, first, I make one tool adapted todo the work for which two tools havel heretofore been required, savingcost in construction, and time and labor in operation; second, by makingtheA working-faces as described, I lessenthe amount of cutting to bedone by the howelling-chisel; third, a more convenient mode of adixingand adjusting the crozing-eutters; and, fourth, making Ia tool which maybe used for howelling alone, or for both howelling and crozing. i

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is1 1. In the vcase of a howel, or of a howel and oroze, the oppositeworking-faces@ a', made substantially as described, and either with orwithout the dat face a, for the purposes set forth.

2. A howelling-bit, c, made with two or more lcurved edges, x x', tocorrespond to the shapeof the workingfaces a aof ahowel-casc,substantially as above described.

8. The construction of a combined howel and croze, the cutting-bits ofthe crcze'bcing placed at or a little forward of the centre of theworking-face of the howel, and the howelling-hit just back of thecentre, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The framef, as a box or case for the crozing-chisels, hung in thecombined tool by a ball-and-socket or hinge joint, or other equivalentdevice, and operatcd'su-bstantially as and for the purposes above setforth.

In testimony whereof, I, the said 'JACOB B. SIEGFRIED, have hereunto setmy hand.

I JACOB B. SIEGFRIED.

Witnesses ELL TonRANcE, G. H. CHRISTY,

